AP Macroeconomics · College Board müfredatı

AP Macroeconomics

Ekonominin bütünü: GSYH, enflasyon ve işsizlik, AD-AS modeli, para ve maliye politikası, büyüme, dış ticaret ve döviz kurları.

6 ÜNİTE
College Board CED
HİBRİT
MCQ Bluebook'ta, FRQ kâğıda
7 MAYIS
2027 sınav günü (öğleden sonra)
HİBRİT DİJİTAL • BLUEBOOK

AP Macroeconomics

AD-AS dengesi, para piyasası ve para politikası, maliye politikası çarpanları, Phillips eğrisi, döviz kurları (FOREX) grafikleri.

Harcama Çarpanı = 1 / MPS
Para Çarpanı (Money Multiplier) = 1 / RR
UNIT 1 • KONU ANLATIMI

Unit 1: Basic Economic Concepts

Unit 1 (5–10% of the multiple-choice section) builds the tools used in every later unit: opportunity cost, the PPC, comparative advantage, and supply and demand. Weightings: College Board, AP Macroeconomics Course.

1.1–1.3 Scarcity, the PPC and Comparative Advantage Macro Topic 1.1 • 1.2 • 1.3

The production possibilities curve (PPC) shows the maximum combinations of two goods an economy can produce with its resources and technology. Points on the curve are efficient, points inside show unemployment or inefficiency, and points outside are unattainable. The opportunity cost of one unit of X is the amount of Y given up divided by the X gained. A bowed-out PPC shows increasing opportunity cost. More resources or better technology shift the PPC outward; using idle resources moves the economy toward the curve.

Comparative advantage: a country has an absolute advantage if it produces more with the same resources, and a comparative advantage if it produces at a lower opportunity cost. Both countries gain if each specializes according to comparative advantage and the terms of trade lie between their opportunity costs.
1.4–1.6 Demand, Supply and Market Equilibrium Macro Topic 1.4 • 1.5 • 1.6

A change in a good's own price moves along its demand or supply curve; other determinants shift the curve. Demand shifters include income, the prices of substitutes (price of X up ⇒ demand for its substitute up) and complements (price of X up ⇒ demand for its complement down), tastes, expectations, and the number of buyers.

AP TRAP — Price controls: a price ceiling is binding only if it is below equilibrium, and it causes a shortage equal to Qd − Qs at the ceiling price. A price floor is binding only if it is above equilibrium, and it causes a surplus.
UNIT 1 SORULAR

Unit 1 Basic Economic Concepts: İnteraktif Soru İstasyonu

Özgün AP tarzı sorular (geçmiş sınav sorusu değil). Şık seç; anında çözüm ve hata türü gelir.

UNIT 2 SORULAR

Unit 2 Economic Indicators and the Business Cycle: İnteraktif Soru İstasyonu

GSYH ve hesaplanması, işsizlik türleri, enflasyon ve fiyat endeksleri, iş çevrimi.

UNIT 3 • KONU ANLATIMI

Unit 3: National Income and Price Determination

Toplam talep ve toplam arz (AD-AS), harcama ve vergi çarpanları, kısa ve uzun dönem denge, maliye politikası; para politikasının aktarım zinciri Unit 4 ve 5 ile birlikte.

AD-AS Equilibrium & Policy Multipliers Unit 3, 4 & 5 • Macro Dynamics

Aggregate Demand & Fiscal Policy Multipliers:
• Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) + Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) = 1.
• Spending Multiplier: $M_s = \frac{1}{MPS} = \frac{1}{1 - MPC}$. An initial increase in government spending ($\Delta G$) expands total GDP by $\Delta Y = \Delta G \cdot M_s$.
• Tax Multiplier: $M_t = -\frac{MPC}{MPS}$. The tax multiplier is always one unit smaller in absolute magnitude than the spending multiplier.

Monetary Transmission Mechanism: When the Central Bank pursues contractionary monetary policy (raising reserve requirements, hiking the policy interest rate, or selling government securities), the money supply contracts $\implies$ nominal interest rates rise $\implies$ investment and interest-sensitive consumption fall $\implies$ Aggregate Demand shifts left, curbing demand-pull inflation.
UNIT 3 SORULAR

Unit 3 National Income and Price Determination: İnteraktif Soru İstasyonu

Özgün AP tarzı sorular (geçmiş sınav sorusu değil). Şık seç; anında çözüm ve hata türü gelir.

UNIT 4 SORULAR

Unit 4 Financial Sector: İnteraktif Soru İstasyonu

Para, bankacılık ve para yaratma, para piyasası, ödünç fon piyasası ve para politikası araçları.

UNIT 5 SORULAR

Unit 5 Long-Run Consequences of Stabilization Policies: İnteraktif Soru İstasyonu

Maliye ve para politikasının birlikte etkisi, Phillips eğrisi, para miktar teorisi, bütçe açığı ve kamu borcu, dışlama etkisi, büyüme.

UNIT 6 • KONU ANLATIMI

Unit 6: Open Economy: International Trade and Finance

Unit 6 (10–13%) connects the domestic economy to the rest of the world through the balance of payments and the foreign exchange market.

6.1 Balance of Payments Accounts Macro Topic 6.1

The current account records trade in goods and services, net investment income, and net transfers. The financial (capital) account records purchases and sales of assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, and direct investment. Transactions that bring payments into the country are credits (+); payments going out are debits (−).

The accounts balance: current account + financial account (+ change in official reserves) = 0. A country with a current account deficit must have a financial account surplus, that is, a net inflow of foreign funds.
6.2–6.6 Exchange Rates, the Foreign Exchange Market and Capital Flows Macro Topic 6.2 • 6.3 • 6.4 • 6.5 • 6.6

An exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another. If one dollar buys more euros than before, the dollar has appreciated and the euro has depreciated. In the market for dollars, foreigners demand dollars to buy U.S. goods and assets, and Americans supply dollars to buy foreign goods and assets.

Key chains: relative real interest rate up ⇒ financial capital inflow ⇒ demand for the currency up ⇒ appreciation ⇒ exports more expensive, imports cheaper ⇒ net exports down ⇒ AD shifts left. Relative inflation up ⇒ the country's goods become relatively expensive ⇒ demand for its currency down and supply up ⇒ depreciation.
AP TRAP: always ask who is buying and who is selling the currency before you shift a curve, and label the graph "Quantity of dollars" with the price in the other currency.
UNIT 6 SORULAR

Unit 6 Open Economy: International Trade and Finance: İnteraktif Soru İstasyonu

Özgün AP tarzı sorular (geçmiş sınav sorusu değil). Şık seç; anında çözüm ve hata türü gelir.

FRQ ÇÖZÜM TAKTİKLERİ

Ekonomi FRQ Çizim Kuralları

• Eksenleri her zaman adlandır: ürün piyasasında Price Level ve Real GDP, para piyasasında Nominal Interest Rate ve Quantity of Money.
• Kaymaları oklarla göster (AD1 → AD2, SRAS1 → SRAS2).
• Uzun dönem dengesini LRAS üzerinde, potansiyel GSYH (Yf) etiketiyle göster.